Difference between revisions of "documentation: Introduction"

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Personal, Is truly It A Way Out
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This is PART 1: Introduction - General Information and Architecture of the [[en:documentation|MediaWiki documentation]].
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== Overview ==
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This is a general, non-technical introduction to the WikiMedia software.
 
   
 
   
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=== Some Basic Terminology: MediaWiki, WikiMedia, and Wikipedia ===
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; ''MediaWiki'' : MediaWiki is the software program that runs Wikipedia [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia] and other Wikimedia projects [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia].
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; ''Wikimedia'' : Wikimedia is the over-arching nonprofit foundation that coordinates all contributions to the growing GNU FDL text base assembled by the donors using the Wikipedia, Wiktionary and other projects managed by the foundation [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia].
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; ''Wikipedia'' : Wikipedia is the Encyclopedia project, that initiated the development of the MediaWikiSoftware. For a project's description and its history see here [] and here []. There are several more or less official Sister projects like Wiktionary [http://wiktionary.org/], Wikibooks, [http://wikibooks.org/], and Wikiquote, [http://wikiquote.org/], as well as "unofficial" derivates, all of them using the MediaWiki software.
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; ''Meta-Wikimedia'' : Meta-Wikimedia is a wiki meant to work alongside the main Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects. Meta can be used for several Wikimedia-related purposes [http://meta.wikipedia.org/].
 
   
 
   
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=== What is MediaWiki? ===
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MediaWiki is the software program released under the GNU GPL that runs [[en:Anarchopedia|Anarchopedia]] and a number of other [[en:large publik wiki|large public wikis]]. It is developed by contributors to these projects.
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MediaWiki is a [[en:WikiWiki|WikiWiki]], meaning that anyone can easily edit any article and have those changes posted immediately. The software contains a lot of [[en:documentation:Features|features]], also. If you want to learn more about editing and other aspect of the user's point of view, you might want to read the
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* [[en:User's Guide]]
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The name "MediaWiki" was coined by [[en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] contributor Daniel Mayer as a play on Wikimedia [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-July/010966.html]. Before that, the software was known as "Wikipedia software Phase III".
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The MediaWiki Project is hosted at Sourceforge [http://wikipedia.sourceforge.net/]; if you're interested in the code, you might want to read the following pages:
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* [[en:documentation: Developer's Guide|Developer's Guide]], and
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* [[en:How to become a MediaWiki hacker|How to become a MediaWiki hacker]].
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=== What is MediaWiki - not? ===
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'''MediaWiki is not...'''
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'''...a Content Management System (CMS) software'''.
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'''...a Forum or Bulletin Board System (BBS) software'''.
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'''...a Groupware, Messaging, or Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) software'''
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'''...a Workflow Management System (WfMS)'''.
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See [[en:Wiki Uses]] for further description and discussion of these items.
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== Architecture ==
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The current MediaWiki software is built on top of an ''AMP'' environment; in this case, this means, that MediaWiki utilizes
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* the [[en:Apache|Apache httpd]] [[en:Web server|web server]] for delivering web pages,
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* the [[en:DBMS|relational database management system]] [[en:MySQL|MySQL]] as a database backend for storing the content, and
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* the [[en:Scripting language|scripting language]] [[en:PHP|PHP]] for the application logic that glues together these components.
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== System Requirements ==
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The MediaWiki software typically runs in a [[en:LAMP|LAMP]] environment on the i386 platform. (This is the primary/reference platform.) It is also possible to run the MediaWiki software efficiently under Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X.
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=== Software ===
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Everything you need to run a MediaWiki server is available as Open Source Software.
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* Operating system: Several platforms are possible, including GNU/Linux, Microsoft Windows, and Apple MacOS X. The software is being developed under GNU/Linux, and the recommended environment is a GNU/Linux distribution, also; we recommend Debian GNU/Linux, because this comes closest to the ideals of the Wikipedia, but in this area you are free to choose.
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* Apache httpd, version 1.3 or 2.0 - Open Source.
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* MySQL daemon, version 4.x - Open Source.
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* PHP scripting environment, version 4.3 - Open Source.
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* MediaWiki software - Open Source.
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* Some web browser - lots of alternatives are available as Open Source.
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=== Hardware ===
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* i386 hardware architecture (Intel, AMD etc.) recommended, some other architectures are possible (e.g. PowerPC w/ Mac OS X).
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* Memory - depending on the planned usage everything is possible staring with about 96 MB of RAM (?); for best performance, the complete database should fit into the RAM.
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* Disk space - also depending on your requirements; if you want to start a small WikiWikiWeb on your own, a few Megabytes of disk space will be enough. If you want to completely mirror the English Wikipedia with all images, you'll at least need 3 Gigabytes (?)
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* Network Interface Card (NIC) - anything that is supported by your operating system can be used.
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=== Networking ===
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* The MediaWiki software can run on any networked computer; it doesn't even require a DNS entry. If you want to offer a public website, you need an Internet connection, the faster the better; but you can even run it through a leased line with DynDNS.
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* MediaWiki can also run on a local computer without a network connection and serve you as a powerful Personal Information Management system (PIM).
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== Licensing ==
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* The MediaWiki software is licensed under terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
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* The content created by the MediaWiki can be licensed under terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html], as it has been done on Anarchopeida and other [[en:large public wiki|large public wikis]] like [[en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]], [[en:Disinfopedia|Disinfopedia]] etc., but you are free to choose another type of licensing.
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See also: [[Anarchopedia:en:copyrights|copyrights]] and [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html].
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== Feature list ==
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You may wonder if you should use [[en:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] for your own wiki.. This depends on what kind of wiki you want to run. Wikipedia's software has many useful features that grew out of the needs of the users and the ideas of the developers -- but features also mean complexity. The functionality can be overwhelming, even though we try to do everything we can to keep things easy to use. Complexity also means that there are lots of places where you may have to customize the script for your own use..
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Before you decide to use the Wikipedia script, please do take a look at other Wiki Engines and see if one of them might meet your requirements better. For small wikis, [http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/wiki.pl UseMod] is always a safe bet -- it supports <nowiki>[[free links]]</nowiki> (as opposed to [[en:CamelCase|CamelCase]]) and does not need (or support) a database. This is, of course, also a bottleneck in terms of functionality.
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=== Look and feel ===
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*'''Side bar''': A bar on the left or right of the screen with short-cuts
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*'''[[en:Skins|Skins]]''': Different ways to present the site.
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* '''"Stub" threshold''': Users can see links to articles below a certain size rendered in a different color
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* '''Printable versions''' of articles can be generated
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*'''Auto-number headings''' in an article (optional)
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*'''Generate a table of contents''' for long articles (optional)
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* Automagically turn '''ISBN numbers''' into links to an editable list of booksellers
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=== Multimedia and extensions ===
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*'''File upload feature''' allows to upload graphics or sound files, see [[special:Upload]]. Uploaded files are listed on Recent Changes and they are also logged on [[log:Uploads]].
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* '''Mathematical formulas using LaTeX syntax''': see [[en:texvc|texvc]]
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* '''Automatic resizing''' of images using ImageMagick or libgd, simple syntax for image captions and image alignment
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=== Keeping track of edits ===
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*'''Watchlist''' Every page has a link "Watch this article for me". Use [[special:Watchlist]] to track changes on the articles you declared an interest in; watched articles are also bolded in the [[Special:Recentchanges|Recent changes]] list .
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*'''User contributions''' in the sidebar of each user page list all articles the user has worked on, according to the database.
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* '''Extended recent changes''' with dynamic collapsing of edits to the same article and quick links to diff the edit, show the article history, show the user page, show the user talk page, or block the user (for sysops)
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*'''"Related changes":''' View a filtered version of Recent Changes to the pages linked from the current page.
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*'''Side-by-side diffs''' - the diffs are shown side-by-side, and changed portions of lines are highlighted, making it much easier to see what's what. Additionally, a diff is shown during an edit conflict so you can see exactly what you need to reintegrate.
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=== Structure and syntax ===
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* '''Editing syntax based on UseMod''', with support for mixing wiki-syntax and HTML. Only free links are supported for linking, not CamelCase (deliberate design decision).
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*'''Namespaces''' allow content separation (to address the namespace, use the <nowiki>[[en:Namespace:Page title]]</nowiki> syntax). Discussion pages are separate from article pages, "meta" project pages can be separated from content pages, image pages are used for image descriptions.
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*'''Word-extension linking''': If you include a link of the form <nowiki>[[en:war|wars]]</nowiki>, or <nowiki>[[en:war|wartime]]</nowiki>, the system will automatically display it as if you had typed <nowiki>[[en:war|wars]]</nowiki> or <nowiki>[[en:war|wartime]]</nowiki>, respectively, saving some typing.
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*'''Parenthetical hiding''' If you include a link of the form <nowiki>[[en:kernel (mathematics)|]]</nowiki>, the parenthetical portion will be hidden in the link: [[en:kernel (mathematics)|kernel]]. This is useful for disambiguating different meanings of a word without making linking too difficult or cluttering up the text of articles. This also works with cropping out namespaces when you want a cleaner-looking link: <nowiki>[[Anarchopedia:en:copyrights|]]</nowiki> becomes [[Anarchopedia:en:copyrights|copyrights]]
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*'''Link to individual sections''' of an article, e.g. [[en:MediaWiki roadmap#Version 1.4]] (these links may become invalid if sections are retitled or removed)
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*Support for '''subpages''' (link to "Foo/Bar" from "Foo" by just typing "/Bar", "Foo/Bar" contains a backlink to "Foo"), these can be enabled or disabled by namespace (e.g., Wikipedia currently supports subpages on discussion pages, to make archiving easy, and on user pages, to give users space for personal pages)
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=== Editing ===
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* '''Section editing.''' Users can enable an option that allows them to edit individual sections of an article (separated by headlines) instead of loading the entire article.
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*'''Edit toolbar''' (JavaScript-based) for formatting text as bold, italic etc. (fully works in Mozilla and IE, other browsers use it to show the syntax, but cannot format text inside the textarea because their JavaScript implementation does not support it). If JavaScript is disabled, the toolbar is not shown.
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* '''Edit summary''' which is shown in "Recent changes"
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*'''Double click editing''': Users can enable an option that allows them to edit articles by double clicking them.
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*'''Edit preview''' (can be shown before or after edit box)
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*Handle '''edit conflicts''' (page being saved by a user while still being edited by another one, then saved again)
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*Mark edits as '''minor'''; users can decide to hide such edits from the Recent Changes list. Only signed in users can mark edits as minor.
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=== Discussions ===
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*'''Talk pages''': Each user (including every anonymous user) and every article has an associated page where messages can be left. These are separate namespaces (see above), "Talk:" and "User talk:".
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*'''Message notification''' (user gets a "You have new messages" notice if someone else has edited his user discussion page); this also works for anonymous users
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*'''Automatic signature''': Just type three tildes (~) when you edit, and on saving the page, it will be replaced with your user name and a link to your user page. If you use four tildes, the current date will be added as well. Mainly intended for Talk pages.
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* Support for '''emailing users''' through the wiki (email address not shown to the user)
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=== Multilanguage support ===
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* Translated into '''many languages''' (see [[Anarchopedia:en:Multilingual coordination]] for details)
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*'''[[Anarchopedia:en:Interlanguage links|Interlanguage links]]''': handy method for linking articles between wikis in different languages (each language requires its own database)
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*'''UTF-8''' support
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=== Backend ===
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* '''Database-driven''' (MySQL, no other databases currently supported)
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* '''Smart caching''': rendered pages are (optionally) saved as static HTML files and served as such unless modified; support for Squid proxies
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*'''Cookie-based''' account and login system, but anonymous users can also edit pages.
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*'''All revisions''' of an article are stored (optionally compressed).
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=== Permissions ===
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*'''Different rights''' for anonymous users, signed in users, sysops, bureaucrats and developers.
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*'''Signed in users''' can:
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**move and rename pages
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**upload files
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*'''Sysops''' can:
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**protect pages from editing
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**delete and undelete pages
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**edit protected pages
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**ban users by IP address
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**ban users by username, if this option is enabled
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**run SQL queries on the database, if this option is enabled
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*'''"Bureaucrats"''' can:
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**create sysops
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*'''Developers (admins)''' can:
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**lock the database
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**run various maintenance tasks
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* '''Other permission schemes''' (e.g. only signed in users can edit pages) can be configured
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=== Search and Queries ===
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* '''Full text search'''
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* '''"Go" button''' allows direct viewing of a specified article's contents (tries near match if no exact hit)
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* '''"What links here":''' View pages that link to the current page (backlinks)
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* '''Special report pages:'''
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**New pages: List of newly created articles
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**Ancient pages: Articles sorted by timestamp, ascending
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**List of images
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**List of users
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**Site statistics [http://s23.org/wiki/Anarchopedia]
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**Orphaned articles (articles that have no links pointing to them)
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**Orphaned images
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**Popular articles (articles by number of visits, works only if counters are enabled)
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**Most wanted articles (non-existent articles sorted by number of links pointing to them)
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**Short articles
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**Long articles
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**List of all pages by title
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=== Misc. ===
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* '''Random article''' display function
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* Users can configure their '''timezone''', which is used on all report timestamps
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* The attributes of many report pages ('''number of results''' etc.) can be set in the user preferences
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== Structure: Orientation on the Web Site(s) ==
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This section gives you a short introduction about the MediaWiki, Wikipedia, Wikimedia, and associated websites - what they are, what you can find there, and why you might to check them out.
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* Wikipedia - English, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page] etc. - Great to see what can be done with the MediaWiki software, to learn about the conventions used in Wiki editing, and to see lots of helpful markup samples.
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* September 11 Memorial Wiki, [http://sep11.wikipedia.org/] - Another example of the MediaWiki software in use.
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* Wikipedia database download, [http://download.wikipedia.org/].
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* ...
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== Project Communication - Getting in contact and keeping in touch ==
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Most of the communication within the MediaWiki project is managed through three channels:
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* [[Talk pages]] - for associated discussions about a specifig page or topic;
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* [[Mailing lists]] - for general, asynchronous discussions, questions and answers, and announcements,
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* [[IRC]] - for real time communication, especially for active developers and contributors.
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== Revision History (Changelog) ==
 
   
 
   
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Negotiations with creditors have failed. Repossession is imminent and foreclosure proceedings have begun. Your income will be merely not sufficient to pay your bills, no matter how low the payments are. It might possibly be time to consider personal.  
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* Wikipedia software Phase I - UseMod software [http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/UseMod]. Until early 2002 it was used to run all versions of Wikipedia. Currently it is still used for a number of language versions, including Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Norwegian and Lower Saxon. They are planned to be converted to MediaWiki, see m:Wikipedia software upgrade status [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_software_upgrade_status].
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Individual bankruptcy law developed since a reaction to the abuses surrounding debtors prison. Before the nineteenth century a prison system existed for individuals who didn'n pay their bills. If the merchant filed a claim, the debtor was incarcerated right up until his financial obligations were paid. (Women were not seen in debtor's prison, not because of chivalry but because these people did riot have the ability to use). The lender was by law accountable for the expenses with the prison stay, including nutrients, but seldom paid. In the end, a debtor would have to sue as a way to enforce this kind of law, and it was rather difficult to sue when in prison. Since a result, many borrowers languished in prison for quite a few years, surviving on what their family could carry to them or, in many cases, simply starving to death. Even though some lenders would doubtless not object to the renewal of debtor's prison, fortunately we live in a lot more enlightened times. Bankruptcy was created to supply a second chance (or third, or 4th) to these hopelessly in debt It comes with a program to wipe the slate clean and begin anew. When times have modified, though, so has got the personal program code. Not every single one financial obligations can be wiped out. The proceedings may be effortlessly disqualified in the event of improper procedures. There are many things a debtor should understand before resorting to becoming a bankrupt.  
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* Wikipedia software Phase II - first implementation in LAMP/AMP by Magnus Manske [http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Magnus_Manske]. It was switched from UseModWiki software ("Phase I") to new software, written especially for Wikipedia using the PHP programming language, on January 25, 2002 ("Phase II").
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The Personal Selection
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Change from Phase II to Phase III [http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PHP_script]
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There are two kinds of individual becoming a bankrupt: Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. Chapter 7 becoming a bankrupt, named for the chapter number in the personal signal, requires the full liquidation of every single one bad debts and cancels just about all no-exempt debts. Chapter 13 bankruptcy is essentially a court-mandated payment arrange that sets upward low-cost monthly payments to your creditors,
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On Saturday, July 20, 2002, Wikipedia moved to a new high-capacity server and new, hopefully more efficient, software base. The new software was designed to look and behave as similarly to the previous phase II software as possible, but a few new features and changes should be noted:
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The selection to declare personal is not an easy one particular. Regrettably, many personal bankruptcy attorneys recommend personal bankruptcy to just about any person these people seek advice from with. Almost all too often frightened many people are advised to declare a bankruptcy proceeding just to prevent a couple of bad debts. This is a mistake. A bankruptcy proceeding should truly be a last resort because the legal system meant it to be. A bankruptcy shows up on your credit rating for five quite a few years, and though lending criteria are slowly and gradually changing, many lenders is not going to even consider a great applicant who provides had a individual bankruptcy. What's much more, a Chapter 7 bankruptcy can hit you up for almost all of your property. Before coming up with a choice to declare personal bankruptcy, estimate how harmful your situation really is actually. On a bit of document, make a variety of all your assets and the approximate value that they could end up being sold for. On the other side, add together most of your debts. If the bad debts exceed the assets by a large per cent, you may wish to consider personal bankruptcy. On the other hands, if it seems the fact that situation may improve (you may get a brand-new job or a second income), or if your assets are of greater value or close in value to your debts, a different approach may always be appropriate.  
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* A whole new system for uploading and using images to illustrate your articles.  
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* Search function now indexes 2- and 3-letter words.  
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Navigate with your creditors
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* New side-by-side diffs of article changes.  
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* "Floating" sidebar option for some modern web browsers.  
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Explain your situation and question for far more time to pay. If the creditors refuse and continue to threaten garnishment inform you them this sort of action would force you into personal bankruptcy. No creditor is looking to hear the "B" word. Using personal bankruptcy like a danger is actually a very powerful negotiating utility, confronting creditors with a choice between getting a little each and every month or probably taking nothing through individual bankruptcy. Don't try this kind of tactic on guaranteed creditors. That they may opt to repossess your property to prevent having to proceed through court.
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* A few minor changes to wikitext syntax (see wikipedia:How does one edit a page)
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* Since anonymous users, while not having user pages, still have user contributions pages, their IP numbers in lists like Recentchanges and article histories link to their contributions.  
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Contact Customer Credit score Counseling
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* Support for maths formulae using Wikipedia:TeX markup
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* Better support for auto-posting "bots"
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Like mentioned earlier in the book, Public Credit rating Counseling is a non-profit group funded by creditors to help viewers make a deal repayment plans. It is often able to discuss payment arrangements better than the individual because of it's constant contact with a variety of creditors. If you can'big t navigate a satisfactory arrangement, provide these people a try. Remember, the fact that you are using credit rating counseling may appear on your credit score record.  
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* A new static page caching system has greatly reduced system load
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* The database server and the page server now run on separate machines
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Consider Chapter 13 personal
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The Phase III software is robust, and under active development. Many more features have been, and are expected to be, added to the Phase III software, together with bug fixes and improvements in stability. You are encouraged to submit bug reports.
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This particular kind of filing lets you repay your debts in a court-mandated fashion and will appear on your credit record for only seven quite a few years, If negotiations fail or there basically isn'big t sufficient money to make ends meet Chapter 7 individual bankruptcy may become your only option. Individual bankruptcy is not going to necessarily discharge a lot of bad debts. If your financial obligations are exempt from personal bankruptcy, filing will do practically to improve your situation. If your co-signer has been used, the debt would then end up being owed with the co-signer, unless that person furthermore announced becoming a bankrupt. In community property states a spouse's assets and financial obligations would additionally always be included in the personal bankruptcy, presuming they are community property. Consider all very carefully before deciding to report.  
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* Wikipedia software Phase III = MediaWiki - based on LAMP/AMP. The name "MediaWiki" was coined by Wikipedia contributor Daniel Mayer as a play on Wikimedia.[http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-July/010966.html] Before that, the software was known as "Wikipedia software Phase III"; it was was replaced by what is now called MediaWiki in June 2002.
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Non-Dischargable Debts - Bills You Have To Pay In Spite Of A bankruptcy proceeding
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* "Wikipedia software Phase IV" [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Wikipedia:Software_Phase_IV], [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:wikitech-l].
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Specific sorts of debt can't be automatically gotten rid of by personal filing. That they must meet selected requirements before being taken out by becoming a bankrupt. If a lot of your financial obligations are non-dischargeable, personal may not resolve your monetary dilemma. The only ways a non-dischargeable debt can be eliminated through a bankruptcy proceeding are through an exception being given as a result of court, a particular period of time transpiring since debt had been due, or because the creditor won't object to the discharging of the debt. Specific financial obligations can only be discharged by a good exception. They're:
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The next version of the software is Phase IV.
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Recent College student loans
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== Where to go from here ==
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It is applicable to student loans that became due within the last five many years. Any extension of repayment would become added to this kind of time period. Some courts, furthermore, will simply discharge payments that will be more than five decades past due. So if the college student loan was due seven numerous years ago and the payments were at first to end up being made over a five-year period, you would still be in charge for the last three numerous years of payments. The court may also grant a very exception with a university student loan if it would produce a great "undue hardship" for that you pay it. That is seldom naturally.  
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* If you want to setup a MediaWiki on your own, go to the [[Documentation: Administrator's Guide|Administrator's Guide]].
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* If you want see MediaWiki life, go to [http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] or one of it's [[Sister sites|sister sites]].
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Taxes
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* If you want to learn how to use MediaWiki, go to the [[User's Guide]].
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* If you want to dive right into the code, continue reading the [[Documentation: Developer's Guide|Developer's Guide]] and [[How to become a MediaWiki hacker|How to become a MediaWiki hacker]].
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Federal, state, and neighborhood taxes are not dischargeable for at least three quite a few years after you record your taxes go back. Even if you've been tied up in duty court for greater than three decades, any taxes assessed within 240 times of filing for personal bankruptcy will be non-dischargeable. Property taxes are dischargeable if they are over one year late, but the lien toward your property will be not. Underneath fantastic is truly that you simply can count on the government getting it's tax money eventually.
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Child Assistance and alimony
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==Credits==
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*[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Documentation:_Introduction Meta Wikipedia]
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These can only end up being discharged in special circumstances, which generally include agreements that have not been court-ordered. If a single husband or wife offers opted for assume a lot more than half of marital financial obligations in exchange for lower assistance payments, the court may not discharge almost all bad debts held of the husband or wife for a bankruptcy proceeding. Talk to a helpful attorney if this situation does apply.
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Fines
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Neither fines through a court, judge, or authorities agency nor surcharges, effects, and restitution, while a generally rule, may be discharged in a personal. The same is accurate of bad debts incurred because a result of damage or liability from driving while intoxicated. The debt incurred coming from intoxicated driving must be established in court plus a judgment has to be issued by a higher court. Modest-promises, targeted traffic, and municipal judgments for intoxicated driving are most dischargeable. Again, check with a very law firm.
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Bad debts not discharged in a previous becoming a bankrupt
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If debts from a previous individual bankruptcy have been found non-dischargeable, these people cannot be discharged in a later personal bankruptcy.
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Financial obligations not shown on your individual bankruptcy petition
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If you may not include a debt on your petition, it are not likely to end up being discharged. Many people filing personal bankruptcy maintain one or more credit rating lines with smaller balances or no balance out in the a bankruptcy proceeding proceeding to preserve part of their credit rating resources. Another method should be to reaffirm bad debts on the condition that credit rating is maintained to become offered. The creditor, confronted with a choice between amassing nothing and maintaining your credit score, will sometimes select the latter. End up being very cautious when reaffirming debt. Near someone obligated to so you must have a new written arrangement spelling out every one of the new conditions.  
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Other varieties of non-dischargeable financial obligations can be discharged immediately if the creditor doesn't object If the creditor objects, these debts is going to be judged of the court to end up being possibly dischargeable or non-dischargeable. The creditor can check that the debts not always be discharged should they claim the following conditions existed:
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The debt were acquired by Intentionally fraudulent behavior
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Fraud in this specific case is any dishonest work used to obtain credit. Declaring to become an individual you're not, or borrowing money when you have no means or intention of repaying it, would end up being clear-cut samples of fraud. Not disclosing specific relevant facts could often end up being construed like fraud. If you are making a promise and intend to carry on it and believe you'll be able to keep it, that is actually not fraud. Creditors tend to be paranoid and believe everyone is actually defrauding them, so this unique excuse for non-discharge will be often used by creditor's attorneys.  
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Debts Incurred as a Result of False Written Statements
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A blatantly false credit score request would qualify. The inaccurate statement should be an important fact the other that the creditor relied on in order for the debt to become judged non-dischargeable. A misspelled name or minor error would not render a debt non-dischargeable. Drastically overstating income or misrepresent a job title would be considered fraudulent.
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Fraudulent usage
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If you charge "high end goods or services" in a helpful amount over $five hundred within 40 times before filing personal, the debt is probably to be deemed non-dischargeable. The same is true if funds advances are obtained fewer than twenty days and nights before boasting individual bankruptcy. A lot of tiny charges, made to prevent pre-clearance, would also end up being considered fraudulent had you been over your credit score reduce or obviously unable to pay.
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Bad debts resulting from illegal or malicious operates, embezzlement, larceny, or breach of fiduciary Obligation
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Any money owed because of illegal functions this sort of as embezzlement (swallowing property left inside your safekeeping), larceny (theft), or the failing to fulfill your duties because a trustee may be non-dischargeable. The court will typically de a description of fiduciary responsibility.
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Once you've examined your debts and determined what will be dischargeable and what is actually not, you can decide whether or not personal bankruptcy would enhance your current economic situation. There are numerous other things you ought to know before you decide whether to document.  
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Exempt Assets
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The sole misconception about a bankruptcy proceeding is actually that you lose everything you own to satisfy your bad debts. In fact, the court enables one to remain many things necessary to your well being, and perhaps even a little bit much more. Even though there is truly a federal exemption law, only in states and the District of Columbia allow you to definitely use it These states let you select between the condition and federal exemption legal guidelines. The in states are:  
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Connecticut
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Hawaii
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Massachusetts
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Michigan
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Minnesota
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Brand new Jersey
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Brand new Mexico
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Pennsylvania
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Rhode Island
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Texas
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Washington
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Wisconsin
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Vermont
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The other states require a man filing personal bankruptcy to use express exemptions.  
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Below are a few instances of things that may become exempt, with regards to the state which the petition is truly filed.  
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· Personal effects
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· Furniture
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· Cars (to a max of a selected amount of equity)
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· Tools of a trade
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· Equity m a residence (occasionally the whole residence)
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· Garments
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· Household goods
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· Publications
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· Jewelry
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One very interesting exemption may be the homestead exemption. When John Connally, the former governor of Texas, expressed personal bankruptcy a couple of years ago, many people were surprised that he ended up being allowed to keep his huge mansion, valued at several million dollars. Texas offers a homestead exemption that allows any person petitioning a bankruptcy proceeding to preserve around 1 acre in an urban area or 100 acres in a rural area, in spite of value. The ex-governor may have had a very good lawyer, but many other states even offer homestead exemptions.  
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1 a bankruptcy proceeding technique is always to sell non-exempt property before a bankruptcy proceeding and convert it into exempt property. For illustration, a Texas resident might sell non-exempt assets and use the proceeds to pay off your home mortgage on her homesteaded property. You would almost certainly want to confer with a good lawyer before attempting this kind of kind of transfer of assets, even so, since the court could very easily view these kinds of motion staying an abuse of the becoming a bankrupt regulations.
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Even in case a specific amount of equity is exempt, your creditors can often sell the property to restore any excess equity you may have. If you very own an automobile worth $15,000, for case in point, but you only owe $5,000 on it and your state exemption is $1,200, the creditor can sell the car and offer you $1,200. Some states allow 'Wildcard" exemptions that might be used to hide the difference.  
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Knowing which financial obligations are dischargeable and what the law allows a petitioner to retain, a rational selection can be made whether to record for becoming a bankrupt. If you do choose to document, there are several ways of going about it-as well as several pitfalls to avoid.
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Using Motion
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When you've decided to take actions you can begin the filing method. If creditors are knocking on the door and repossession, foreclosure, or garnishment is actually just in and around the comer, it might always be wise to consider using a great crisis filing to obtain an automatic stay. A great automatic stay stops creditors from having any further action right up until the case should go before a personal bankruptcy judge. Unlike a a bankruptcy proceeding filing, which usually contains several pages of details a good unexpected emergency filing is actually only a single page prolonged and has got a variety of your creditors. The rest of the petition should be filed within fourteen times or the case is truly dropped. The court will send notices of the pending personal bankruptcy to the creditors listed, who must cease a lot of further selection measure. Should they carry out not cease, send them copies from the automatic stay and request that further series activity cease. A creditor can check that the automatic stay always be lifted, allowing him or her to continue selection actions. Only a landlord trying to evict you coming from a rented dwelling will normally prevail, unless there is a longer-term lease involved. If you are renting on a prolonged-term lease, which could end up being considered a very good point, the landlord may have to wait for a formal @g as a way to evict YOU.
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Once the wolves are at bay, another selection will have to be made: if to find a becoming a bankrupt legal professional. Attorneys, because many of us know, are expensive. In the case of the complicated individual bankruptcy, nonetheless, they can be invaluable. If you have a good bit of property or valuables, if you are attempting to move money through non-exempt to exempt assets, if your creditors try to make your financial obligations non-dischargeable because of fraud, or if there are any other complications, you may wish to find the experienced personal attorney. Mall surrounding. Don'testosterone end up being frightened to work out. Ask a big questions and consult several attorneys before you are making your choice.
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If you have a very simple bankruptcy or can't pay for a good legal professional, invest $15 in a good perform-it-yourself individual bankruptcy book. It will give in-depth info not covered in this unique chapter. Typing services am in addition available to type upwards personal bankruptcy forms. They are economical and, in the case of your very simple personal, can take the place of an lawyer. If your case is truly complicated so you can'n pay for a helpful legal professional, do your own research. Read a customer a bankruptcy proceeding manual first and after which consult a good legal library. There are numerous legal guides devoted strictly to bankruptcy. Once you or your attorney have geared up your case, you're ready for official perform.  
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The Filing Process
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Every single one the appropriate papers might be obtained through your neighborhood personal bankruptcy court. Check with the yellow pages under Govt Services (usually in the beginning from the book) to have an address and mobile phone number. The court gives you fourteen days through the date of the crisis filing to accomplish the formal course of action. If Chapter 7 individual bankruptcy is actually being filed, you will need to send in the following forms after you have acquired them coming from the court:  
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· Statement of Economic Affairs.  
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· Schedule of Current Income and Current Expenditures.  
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· A book talking about your debts.
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· A routine talking about your property.
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· A routine listing exempt property.
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· A overview with the above schedules.
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· Statement of Intention in consider to your secured property and what you intend to carry out with it
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· Statement of Executory Contracts describing contract that will should be fulfilled, this sort of because auto leases.
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· Individual bankruptcy Petition cover sheet.
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· Mailing addresses of every single one creditors.
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· Any required community forms.
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A fee will additionally end up being assessed, normally $90, due during the time of filing. The court will generally accept installments of a a number of-month period. A helpful request for installments must accompany the petition.
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After your petition is truly filed, a achieving with the creditors will be established. The court appoints a trustee to preside over the assembly and to be in charge for the liquidation of assets. With most smaller bankruptcies, only the particular person filing and the trustee will attend. The trustee, who is generally a local law firm, will check several concerns about the info on the personal bankruptcy paperwork. Contact and make sure you ask the court clerk what papers you will need to carry (usually financial statements or sometimes even tax dividends). If your several property is involved, specifically if it is actually nonexempt, property, your creditors may make an appearance to protest any exemptions. They will may furthermore attempt to grill you about your intent to pay the fees or about lying down on your software. Answer in all honesty and there shouldn'big t be described as a problem.  
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If the creditors' attorneys end up getting abusive, demand a hearing before the becoming a bankrupt judge before the proceeding will go any further. If the creditors object to any of your respective exemptions, that they have 30 days after the creditor'utes visiting to file the objection with the court. The court will book a hearing and you'll be provided the an opportunity to respond, though you don'n have to. A creditor may furthermore try to claim a debt because non-dischargeable because of fraudulent operates, a @ or malicious work, or embezzlement or theft. He can only accomplish it if he successfully boosts the objection within sixty times from the creditors' achieving. To defend yourself, you or your lawyer will have to document a written response and be geared up to argue your case in court.  
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Once most the requirements have been met and your intentions have been made clear, the court can declare the personal discharged. No elegant hearing will be held unless you have chosen to reaffirm your creditors in which case the judge would want to become sure that you understand what you are doing. After it time, provided the creditors perform not raise any objections, the dischargeable debts are erased.
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Picking Way up The Pieces
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Individual bankruptcy was actually once the lowest disgrace that could befall a person. Today, nonetheless, it is truly commonplace. Corporations declare personal bankruptcy to get out of contracts or steer clear of legal judgments. Individuals count on it to protect them coming from a society that extends credit score as well quickly.
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Personal doesn't imply which you will automatically always be denied almost all credit for several many years. In fact, many firms look at personal bankruptcy because a in charge way of discharging debts when there is truly no other way out. Creditors fear a bankruptcy proceeding, nonetheless they furthermore realize that if they lend to an agent who has stated personal bankruptcy, they want not worry about another a bankruptcy proceeding for seven more years (you can only document once every single seven many years). If you happen to have a good explanation for the becoming a bankrupt, this sort of when medical bills, splitting up, or some other catastrophic event, a creditor may become willing to overlook it and extend credit. Ask potential creditors about their policy toward bankruptcies. Their responses may always be surprising.  
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Darryl Power over 3 numerous years in online marketing, 1 year in Pay-Per-Click on advertising and 7 numerous years of business oversight.
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Latest revision as of 15:53, 28 June 2012

This is PART 1: Introduction - General Information and Architecture of the.

Overview[edit]

This is a general, non-technical introduction to the WikiMedia software.

Some Basic Terminology: MediaWiki, WikiMedia, and Wikipedia[edit]

MediaWiki 
MediaWiki is the software program that runs Wikipedia [1] and other Wikimedia projects [2].
Wikimedia 
Wikimedia is the over-arching nonprofit foundation that coordinates all contributions to the growing GNU FDL text base assembled by the donors using the Wikipedia, Wiktionary and other projects managed by the foundation [3].
Wikipedia 
Wikipedia is the Encyclopedia project, that initiated the development of the MediaWikiSoftware. For a project's description and its history see here [] and here []. There are several more or less official Sister projects like Wiktionary [4], Wikibooks, [5], and Wikiquote, [6], as well as "unofficial" derivates, all of them using the MediaWiki software.
Meta-Wikimedia 
Meta-Wikimedia is a wiki meant to work alongside the main Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects. Meta can be used for several Wikimedia-related purposes [7].

What is MediaWiki?[edit]

MediaWiki is the software program released under the GNU GPL that runs and a number of other. It is developed by contributors to these projects.

MediaWiki is a, meaning that anyone can easily edit any article and have those changes posted immediately. The software contains a lot of, also. If you want to learn more about editing and other aspect of the user's point of view, you might want to read the

The name "MediaWiki" was coined by contributor Daniel Mayer as a play on Wikimedia [8]. Before that, the software was known as "Wikipedia software Phase III".

The MediaWiki Project is hosted at Sourceforge [9]; if you're interested in the code, you might want to read the following pages:

  • , and
  • .

What is MediaWiki - not?[edit]

MediaWiki is not...

...a Content Management System (CMS) software.

...a Forum or Bulletin Board System (BBS) software.

...a Groupware, Messaging, or Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) software

...a Workflow Management System (WfMS).

See for further description and discussion of these items.

Architecture[edit]

The current MediaWiki software is built on top of an AMP environment; in this case, this means, that MediaWiki utilizes

  • the for delivering web pages,
  • the as a database backend for storing the content, and
  • the for the application logic that glues together these components.

System Requirements[edit]

The MediaWiki software typically runs in a environment on the i386 platform. (This is the primary/reference platform.) It is also possible to run the MediaWiki software efficiently under Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X.

Software[edit]

Everything you need to run a MediaWiki server is available as Open Source Software.

  • Operating system: Several platforms are possible, including GNU/Linux, Microsoft Windows, and Apple MacOS X. The software is being developed under GNU/Linux, and the recommended environment is a GNU/Linux distribution, also; we recommend Debian GNU/Linux, because this comes closest to the ideals of the Wikipedia, but in this area you are free to choose.
  • Apache httpd, version 1.3 or 2.0 - Open Source.
  • MySQL daemon, version 4.x - Open Source.
  • PHP scripting environment, version 4.3 - Open Source.
  • MediaWiki software - Open Source.
  • Some web browser - lots of alternatives are available as Open Source.

Hardware[edit]

  • i386 hardware architecture (Intel, AMD etc.) recommended, some other architectures are possible (e.g. PowerPC w/ Mac OS X).
  • Memory - depending on the planned usage everything is possible staring with about 96 MB of RAM (?); for best performance, the complete database should fit into the RAM.
  • Disk space - also depending on your requirements; if you want to start a small WikiWikiWeb on your own, a few Megabytes of disk space will be enough. If you want to completely mirror the English Wikipedia with all images, you'll at least need 3 Gigabytes (?)
  • Network Interface Card (NIC) - anything that is supported by your operating system can be used.

Networking[edit]

  • The MediaWiki software can run on any networked computer; it doesn't even require a DNS entry. If you want to offer a public website, you need an Internet connection, the faster the better; but you can even run it through a leased line with DynDNS.
  • MediaWiki can also run on a local computer without a network connection and serve you as a powerful Personal Information Management system (PIM).

Licensing[edit]

  • The MediaWiki software is licensed under terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
  • The content created by the MediaWiki can be licensed under terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, [10], as it has been done on Anarchopeida and other like, etc., but you are free to choose another type of licensing.

See also: copyrights and [11].

Feature list[edit]

You may wonder if you should use for your own wiki.. This depends on what kind of wiki you want to run. Wikipedia's software has many useful features that grew out of the needs of the users and the ideas of the developers -- but features also mean complexity. The functionality can be overwhelming, even though we try to do everything we can to keep things easy to use. Complexity also means that there are lots of places where you may have to customize the script for your own use..

Before you decide to use the Wikipedia script, please do take a look at other Wiki Engines and see if one of them might meet your requirements better. For small wikis, UseMod is always a safe bet -- it supports [[free links]] (as opposed to) and does not need (or support) a database. This is, of course, also a bottleneck in terms of functionality.

Look and feel[edit]

  • Side bar: A bar on the left or right of the screen with short-cuts
  • ': Different ways to present the site.
  • "Stub" threshold: Users can see links to articles below a certain size rendered in a different color
  • Printable versions of articles can be generated
  • Auto-number headings in an article (optional)
  • Generate a table of contents for long articles (optional)
  • Automagically turn ISBN numbers into links to an editable list of booksellers

Multimedia and extensions[edit]

  • File upload feature allows to upload graphics or sound files, see special:Upload. Uploaded files are listed on Recent Changes and they are also logged on log:Uploads.
  • Mathematical formulas using LaTeX syntax: see
  • Automatic resizing of images using ImageMagick or libgd, simple syntax for image captions and image alignment

Keeping track of edits[edit]

  • Watchlist Every page has a link "Watch this article for me". Use special:Watchlist to track changes on the articles you declared an interest in; watched articles are also bolded in the Recent changes list .
  • User contributions in the sidebar of each user page list all articles the user has worked on, according to the database.
  • Extended recent changes with dynamic collapsing of edits to the same article and quick links to diff the edit, show the article history, show the user page, show the user talk page, or block the user (for sysops)
  • "Related changes": View a filtered version of Recent Changes to the pages linked from the current page.
  • Side-by-side diffs - the diffs are shown side-by-side, and changed portions of lines are highlighted, making it much easier to see what's what. Additionally, a diff is shown during an edit conflict so you can see exactly what you need to reintegrate.

Structure and syntax[edit]

  • Editing syntax based on UseMod, with support for mixing wiki-syntax and HTML. Only free links are supported for linking, not CamelCase (deliberate design decision).
  • Namespaces allow content separation (to address the namespace, use the [[en:Namespace:Page title]] syntax). Discussion pages are separate from article pages, "meta" project pages can be separated from content pages, image pages are used for image descriptions.
  • Word-extension linking: If you include a link of the form [[en:war|wars]], or [[en:war|wartime]], the system will automatically display it as if you had typed [[en:war|wars]] or [[en:war|wartime]], respectively, saving some typing.
  • Parenthetical hiding If you include a link of the form [[en:kernel (mathematics)|]], the parenthetical portion will be hidden in the link:. This is useful for disambiguating different meanings of a word without making linking too difficult or cluttering up the text of articles. This also works with cropping out namespaces when you want a cleaner-looking link: [[Anarchopedia:en:copyrights|]] becomes copyrights
  • Link to individual sections of an article, e.g. (these links may become invalid if sections are retitled or removed)
  • Support for subpages (link to "Foo/Bar" from "Foo" by just typing "/Bar", "Foo/Bar" contains a backlink to "Foo"), these can be enabled or disabled by namespace (e.g., Wikipedia currently supports subpages on discussion pages, to make archiving easy, and on user pages, to give users space for personal pages)

Editing[edit]

  • Section editing. Users can enable an option that allows them to edit individual sections of an article (separated by headlines) instead of loading the entire article.
  • Edit toolbar (JavaScript-based) for formatting text as bold, italic etc. (fully works in Mozilla and IE, other browsers use it to show the syntax, but cannot format text inside the textarea because their JavaScript implementation does not support it). If JavaScript is disabled, the toolbar is not shown.
  • Edit summary which is shown in "Recent changes"
  • Double click editing: Users can enable an option that allows them to edit articles by double clicking them.
  • Edit preview (can be shown before or after edit box)
  • Handle edit conflicts (page being saved by a user while still being edited by another one, then saved again)
  • Mark edits as minor; users can decide to hide such edits from the Recent Changes list. Only signed in users can mark edits as minor.

Discussions[edit]

  • Talk pages: Each user (including every anonymous user) and every article has an associated page where messages can be left. These are separate namespaces (see above), "Talk:" and "User talk:".
  • Message notification (user gets a "You have new messages" notice if someone else has edited his user discussion page); this also works for anonymous users
  • Automatic signature: Just type three tildes (~) when you edit, and on saving the page, it will be replaced with your user name and a link to your user page. If you use four tildes, the current date will be added as well. Mainly intended for Talk pages.
  • Support for emailing users through the wiki (email address not shown to the user)

Multilanguage support[edit]

Backend[edit]

  • Database-driven (MySQL, no other databases currently supported)
  • Smart caching: rendered pages are (optionally) saved as static HTML files and served as such unless modified; support for Squid proxies
  • Cookie-based account and login system, but anonymous users can also edit pages.
  • All revisions of an article are stored (optionally compressed).

Permissions[edit]

  • Different rights for anonymous users, signed in users, sysops, bureaucrats and developers.
  • Signed in users can:
    • move and rename pages
    • upload files
  • Sysops can:
    • protect pages from editing
    • delete and undelete pages
    • edit protected pages
    • ban users by IP address
    • ban users by username, if this option is enabled
    • run SQL queries on the database, if this option is enabled
  • "Bureaucrats" can:
    • create sysops
  • Developers (admins) can:
    • lock the database
    • run various maintenance tasks
  • Other permission schemes (e.g. only signed in users can edit pages) can be configured

Search and Queries[edit]

  • Full text search
  • "Go" button allows direct viewing of a specified article's contents (tries near match if no exact hit)
  • "What links here": View pages that link to the current page (backlinks)
  • Special report pages:
    • New pages: List of newly created articles
    • Ancient pages: Articles sorted by timestamp, ascending
    • List of images
    • List of users
    • Site statistics [12]
    • Orphaned articles (articles that have no links pointing to them)
    • Orphaned images
    • Popular articles (articles by number of visits, works only if counters are enabled)
    • Most wanted articles (non-existent articles sorted by number of links pointing to them)
    • Short articles
    • Long articles
    • List of all pages by title

Misc.[edit]

  • Random article display function
  • Users can configure their timezone, which is used on all report timestamps
  • The attributes of many report pages (number of results etc.) can be set in the user preferences

Structure: Orientation on the Web Site(s)[edit]

This section gives you a short introduction about the MediaWiki, Wikipedia, Wikimedia, and associated websites - what they are, what you can find there, and why you might to check them out.

  • Wikipedia - English, [13] etc. - Great to see what can be done with the MediaWiki software, to learn about the conventions used in Wiki editing, and to see lots of helpful markup samples.
  • September 11 Memorial Wiki, [14] - Another example of the MediaWiki software in use.
  • Wikipedia database download, [15].
  • ...

Project Communication - Getting in contact and keeping in touch[edit]

Most of the communication within the MediaWiki project is managed through three channels:

  • Talk pages - for associated discussions about a specifig page or topic;
  • Mailing lists - for general, asynchronous discussions, questions and answers, and announcements,
  • IRC - for real time communication, especially for active developers and contributors.

Revision History (Changelog)[edit]

  • Wikipedia software Phase I - UseMod software [16]. Until early 2002 it was used to run all versions of Wikipedia. Currently it is still used for a number of language versions, including Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Norwegian and Lower Saxon. They are planned to be converted to MediaWiki, see m:Wikipedia software upgrade status [17].
  • Wikipedia software Phase II - first implementation in LAMP/AMP by Magnus Manske [18]. It was switched from UseModWiki software ("Phase I") to new software, written especially for Wikipedia using the PHP programming language, on January 25, 2002 ("Phase II").

Change from Phase II to Phase III [19]

On Saturday, July 20, 2002, Wikipedia moved to a new high-capacity server and new, hopefully more efficient, software base. The new software was designed to look and behave as similarly to the previous phase II software as possible, but a few new features and changes should be noted:

  • A whole new system for uploading and using images to illustrate your articles.
  • Search function now indexes 2- and 3-letter words.
  • New side-by-side diffs of article changes.
  • "Floating" sidebar option for some modern web browsers.
  • A few minor changes to wikitext syntax (see wikipedia:How does one edit a page)
  • Since anonymous users, while not having user pages, still have user contributions pages, their IP numbers in lists like Recentchanges and article histories link to their contributions.
  • Support for maths formulae using Wikipedia:TeX markup
  • Better support for auto-posting "bots"
  • A new static page caching system has greatly reduced system load
  • The database server and the page server now run on separate machines

The Phase III software is robust, and under active development. Many more features have been, and are expected to be, added to the Phase III software, together with bug fixes and improvements in stability. You are encouraged to submit bug reports.

  • Wikipedia software Phase III = MediaWiki - based on LAMP/AMP. The name "MediaWiki" was coined by Wikipedia contributor Daniel Mayer as a play on Wikimedia.[20] Before that, the software was known as "Wikipedia software Phase III"; it was was replaced by what is now called MediaWiki in June 2002.
  • "Wikipedia software Phase IV" [21], [22].

The next version of the software is Phase IV.

Where to go from here[edit]


Credits[edit]

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